Saturday, 1 July 2017

The Longest Day (1962) Vs. A Bridge Too Far (1977)

   You know what's cool? War films. What could be cooler than seeing the adventure and all-out action, depictions of armies coordinating and fighting using tactics and fearsome technology in colossal battles where the stakes are huge? I'll tell ya what's cooler: war movies that are based on true stories. I'm talking about films like The Pianist (2002), Downfall (Der Untergang, 2004), Sergeant York (1941), Zulu (1964), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), those types of films. There's something truly special about movies that try to recreate these types of history-changing events. Today I'm going to be comparing two of the big classic heavyweights of this genre: 1962's The Longest Day and 1977's A Bridge Too Far.
   First let's start with the similarities. Both films are based on non-fiction books by Cornelius Ryan which detail some of the largest and most daring operations of the Western Allies in the Second World War: The Longest Day covers the D-Day invasion while A Bridge Too Far recounts Operation Market Garden. Both films are big-budget epics with huge set piece action scenes, impressive attention to detail, foreign languages, and long run times. They've also each got extraordinary casts made up of the biggest stars of their respective periods. TLD's ensemble included Paul Anka, Richard Burton, Henry Fonda, Robert Mitchum, Kenneth More, and John Wayne. ABTF boasted Dirk Bogarde, James Caan, Michael Caine, Gene Hackman, Anthony Hopkins, Lawrence Olivier, Robert Redford, and Maximilian Schell.
   Interestingly both films feature Sean Connery, though his appearance in TLD is rather short. The Longest Day was the last film Connery did before taking on the role of James Bond later that year and rising to international stardom. And speaking of agent 007, TLD also includes German-born actors Gert Frobe and Curd Jurgens who played Bond villains Auric Goldfinger (Goldfinger, 1964) and Karl Stromberg (The Spy Who Loved Me, 1977), respectively. (On a side note, Roger Moore was originally offered the role of General Horrocks in ABTF, but turned it down due to scheduling conflicts with The Spy Who Loved Me.)
   Both films are remembered fondly today with respectable contemporary reviews. However only The Longest Day received any recognition at the Academy Awards, with two wins (Special Effects, Cinematography) and three additional nominations. (Just a side note, TLD was originally released in black-and-white while ABTF has always been in colour.)
   Now on to the differences, starting with the action. The action scenes of both films are very good. They range from small skirmishes – like a handful of guys trying to run across an occupied town unnoticed – to large set piece battles – like hundreds of troops storming a beach or a dozen tanks being blown up by anti-tank guns. Both films' action scenes are very much a product of their respective times, and I don't just mean that A Bridge Too Far's play out better thanks to a larger budget and more sophisticated special effects. The Longest Day came out in a period where war in film was romanticized and idealized. As a result, its action scenes are bloodless and feel like adventures for our heroes to embark upon. The action scenes in A Bridge Too Far are more gritty and intense (though not as visceral as today's war films). Of course, this is likely also due to the film's narrative compared to TLD; Operation Overlord was an Allied success whereas Operation Market Garden was a failure that resulted in heavy Allied casualties. The more intense action scenes in ABTF are a good way of instilling a sense of urgency. This sentiment simply does not exist in The Longest Day where we are told that all the action will take place during one day. Also, TLD takes forever to finally give us some action; the planning and preparation scenes aren't as interesting as they are in ABTF.
   Both films are reasonably historically accurate, but I think there is some friction to be found between the nationalities portrayed (which let's face it, happens with pretty much every war film). The Longest Day follows characters who are German, American, British, and French – both French resistance fighters and army commandos. Hmm... who's missing? Oh yeah. THE CANADIANS!!! There's no Canadian characters and (if I'm remembering correctly) I don't think their contributions to Operation Overlord are even mentioned. For a film that tries to pay respect to the brave men who put their lives on the line for the sake of freedom TLD really dropped the ball there. Overall, the most screen time goes to US Army soldiers.
   A Bridge Too Far focuses on characters who are British, American, Polish, German, and Dutch. With this flick, most of the screen time goes to the British armed forces. I like this change; it was the British paratroopers who landed at Arnhem and Arnhem is the crucial location of the whole operation. There's still no Canadians present, but since the film focuses more on combat and only Canadian engineers were involved in Market Garden I don't think it's as big a deal as in TLD. No, this time the short end of the stick goes to Field Marshall Montgomery and (especially) General Browning. Blaming Montgomery for Market Garden's failure has become the popular thing to do since the war's end (and he somewhat deserves it), but since Montgomery isn't given a portrayal in this movie Browning (played by Dirk Bogarde) is made out to be the bad guy. He keeps a smug smile on his face as he ignores intelligence reports and intimidates his peers and subordinates into obeying Montgomery's plans. This portrayal of Browning understandably caused a bit of controversy amongst those who personally knew the General in real life.
   However there was one performance in ABTF that I felt was done even worse than Bogarde's and that is Ryan O'Neal as Brig Gen James Gavin. His soft demeanour and passive voice do not at all make him appear as a hardened career soldier, but rather some wimpy pushover who gets his hopes up about everything. It's as if he asks people to do things instead of telling them. As for The Longest Day, the rotten turkey award goes to John Wayne as LT Col Benjamin Vandervoort. Why is John Wayne in a Second World War movie? I've never been a big Duke fan; he basically just plays himself in every one of his movies. But this one is particularly weird since he's playing a character who's supposed to be half his age! They picked him just for his star power. It couldn't have been anything else.
   But most of The Longest Day's acting is pretty good, even if there's no truly standout performances (though to be fair that may just be because I'm not too familiar with most of TLD's actors). In A Bridge Too Far, I'd say the best acting comes from Anthony Hopkins as Lt. Col. John Frost and James Caan as SSG Eddie Dohun.
   However, one problem shared by both films is that their cast is too big. They both have so many big-name actors and they try jamming in so many characters that most of them are relegated to only a few scenes. For instance, Gert Frobe has maybe two minutes of screen time in TLD. James Caan is given two scenes (two and a half, tops) in ABTF. For crying out loud, Robert Redford is on screen for approximately ten and a half minutes minutes in ABTF – despite rumours of him being that film's highest-paid actor! This doesn't give us much of a chance to get to know or care about most of the characters whose names you'll struggle to remember.
   Which brings us to the last point of contention, the story. Each film has a story with a very different feeling to it that roughly reflects their subject material. As stated before, TLD is focused on one day of combat and so each subplot and character arc is rather short. There's five different beaches being stormed as well as a vast swath of countryside being attacked by resistance fighters and paratroopers dropping in. The characters are all working towards a common goal – the liberation of Normandy – but their subplots rarely converge and can feel a bit disjointed, probably because that goal was still far from being achieved by the end of Overlord's first day. Instead The Longest Day is but the first step in an epic, grand crusade; a “feel-good war movie”, if you will.
   A Bridge Too Far is more a lesson against the folly of one's own hubris. It's about an Army Group that tried biting off more than it could chew. The tone is more intense and more urgent. Additionally, the characters' successes are interdependent. Lt. Col. Frost can only do his job if Lt. Col. Vandeleur can only do his job if Major Cook can only do his job if Col. Stout can only do his job if Maj. Fuller can only do his job if Gen. Browning would only let him. The subplots and character arcs each feel like they're leading somewhere (except maybe Sergeant Dohun's); they're moving with a purpose in the same direction just as XXX Corps is in a race against time to reach the Arnhem bridge.
   This is why I think ABTF is the superior movie. They're both great – though not perfect, 90% successful – classic entries in the war genre. They've each got some impressive action scenes and chances are you might find one of your favourite actors in one of them. If you like WWII films, then just give both of them a try. Just bear in mind that I think you'll end up enjoying A Bridge Too Far a bit more.

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